TheBabylonianTalmudBook1-TractSabbath-MichaelL.Rodkinson1903.pdf

BABYLONIAN TALMUD

translated by MICHAEL L. RODKINSON

Book 1 (Vols. I and II)

[1903]

Tract Sabbath

p. i

NEW EDITION

OF THE

BABYLONIAN TALMUD

Original Text Edited, Corrected, Formulated, and Translated into English

MICHAEL L. RODKINSON

First Edition Revised and Corrected

THE REV. DR. ISAAC M. WISE

President Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, O.

Volume I.

TRACT SABBATH

SECOND EDITION, RE-EDITED, REVISED AND ENLARGED

BOSTON NEW TALMUD PUBLISHING COMPANY

100 BOYLSTON STREET

[1903]

Scanned at sacred-texts.com, January-February 2003. J.B. Hare Redactor. This text is in

the public domain. This file may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this

attribution is left intact.

p. ii

EXPLANATORY REMARKS.

In our translation we adopted these principles:

1. Tenan of the original--We have learned in a Mishna; Tania --We have learned in a

Boraitha; Itemar --It was taught.

2. Questions are indicated by the interrogation point, and are immediately followed by the

answers, without being so marked.

3. When in the original there occur two statements separated by the phrase, Lisna achrena

or Waïbayith Aema or Ikha d'amri (literally, "otherwise interpreted"), we translate only the

second.

4. As the pages of the original are indicated in our new Hebrew edition, it is not deemed

necessary to mark them in the English edition, this being only a translation from the latter.

5. Words or passages enclosed in round parentheses ( ) denote the explanation rendered by

Rashi to the foregoing sentence or word. Square parentheses [ ] contain commentaries by

authorities of the last period of construction of the Gemara.

MICHAEL L. RODKINSON.

p. iii

EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN, PH.D.

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

IN RECOGNITION OF

HIS WARM INTEREST AND VALUABLE SERVICES IN PROMOTING THE STUDY

OF LITERATURE, AND HIS GREAT INSTRUMENTALITY IN ASSISTING YOUNG

MEN AND WOMEN TO BROADEN THEIR MINDS, AND REACH A HIGHER

SOCIAL PLANE, AND FOR HIS MANY WORKS FOR THE COMMUNAL

WELFARE, ESPECIALLY THOSE IN BEHALF OF THE

EDUCATIONAL ALLIANCE

THIS VOLUME IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE EDITOR AND

TRANSLATOR

MICHAEL L. RODKINSON.

June 15, 1901.

New York City.

p. 4 p. v

CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

vii

EDITOR'S PREFACE

BRIEF GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BABYLONIAN TALMUD

INTRODUCTION TO TRACT SABBATH

xxi

SYNOPSIS OF SUBJECTS OF VOLUME I.--TRACT SABBATH

xxix

CHAPTER I.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING TRANSFER ON SABBATH

CHAPTER II.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE SABBATH AND 'HANUKAH LIGHT

CHAPTER III.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING STOVES, HEARTHS, AND OVENS

CHAPTER IV.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE DEPOSITING OF VICTUALS ON THE

SABBATH

CHAPTER V.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING GEAR WHICH MAY AND MAY NOT BE WORN

BY ANIMALS ON THE SABBATH

CHAPTER VI.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING WHAT GARMENTS (SERVING AS

ORNAMENTS) WOMEN MAY GO OUT WITH ON THE SABBATH

107

p. vi

PAGE

CHAPTER VII.

THE GENERAL RULE CONCERNING THE PRINCIPAL ACTS OF LABOR ON

SABBATH

127

CHAPTER VIII.

REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE PRESCRIBED QUANTITY OF VICTUALS

AND BEVERAGES WHICH MUST NOT BE CARRIED ABOUT ON THE

SABBATH

143

CHAPTER IX.

RABBI AQIBA'S REGULATIONS ON DIFFERENT SUBJECTS

154

CHAPTER X.

FURTHER REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE PRESCRIBED QUANTITY OF

THINGS TO BE STORED

171

p. vii

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

THE translator of the Talmud, who has now reached the thirteenth volume of his task,

covering twenty-one tracts of this great work, certainly cannot point with any great pride to

the fact that this is the second edition of his translation which first appeared in 1896, for he

believes that the opening and bringing to light of a book so long withheld from the gaze of

the curious, and even the learned, should have attracted more attention and deserved

greater consideration than it has received. However, he is glad to see that thousands of

readers have at last taken advantage of the opportunity of looking into the "sealed book,"

and to such an extent that second editions have become necessary, both of this volume and

of the Tract Rosh Hashana of the fourth volume, which he has reëdited and enlarged upon,

adding many historical facts and legends, so that they now appear as practically new works.

This is certainly an encouragement to him to continue his work, with the hope that in time

it will gain the proper recognition and proper attention which he thinks this great work of

the sixth century should receive at the hands of all scholars and even laymen.

In revising this volume the translator had in mind the many criticisms which have been

passed upon his effort and which have appeared in various papers throughout different

countries, but he gave his attention to those only which were not prompted by animosity

and jealousy. He begs to call the attention of all critics to the dictum of the Talmud, "Kal

Hat'haloth Kashoth" (all beginnings are difficult); for, bearing this in mind, they would no

doubt have been more moderate.

p. viii

The translator will be very grateful to critics who will call his attention to any mistakes

made in the translation of the original text. However, he will positively ignore criticisms of

the kind described above.

The translator further hopes that this and the succeeding volumes will meet with the favor

and approval of the public, which will be sufficient reward to repay him for his efforts.

M. L. R.

NEW YORK, June, 1901.

p. ix

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

[ To the first edition .]

THE Hebrew edition of Rosh Hashana contains an elaborate introduction in three chapters,

the translation of which does not appear as yet. Its contents include many important rules

which we have followed in the entire work, but we do not feel called upon at this time to

engross the time of the English reader by reciting them. We, however, deem it a duty to say

a few words, so that the reader may understand our position and the reason why we have

undertaken a work which will probably be productive of much adverse criticism in certain

quarters.

The fate of the Talmud has been the fate of the Jews. As soon as the Hebrew was born 1 he

was surrounded by enemies. His whole history has been one of struggle against persecution

and attack. Defamation and deformation have been his lot. So too, has it been with the

Talmud. At the beginning of its formative period, viz., the development of the Mishna, it

was beset by such enemies as the Sadducees, the Boëthusians, and other sects, not to

mention the Roman Government. 2 When its canon was fixed, the Karaites tried to destroy

or belittle its influence, and since that time it has been subjected to an experience of

unvarying difficulty. Yet, with remarkable truth, the words of Isaiah [xliii. 2] may be

applied to both: "When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the

rivers, they shall not overflow thee; when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be

burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee." There is, however, one point concerning

which this simile is not true. The Jew has advanced; the Talmud has remained stationary.

Since the time of Moses Mendelssohn the Jew has made vast strides forward. There is to-

day no branch of human activity in

p. x

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