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July/August 2011
About the Cover
Craig Johnson, AAØZZ, uses a Silicon Labs
Si570 DSPLL programmable phase-locked loop
synthesizer IC and custom software to build a local
oscillator that produces a stable 10 to 157 MHz
output signal. The oscillator can provide the local
oscillator signals for quadrature sampling detector
receivers and quadrature sampling encoder trans-
mitters on the 80 through 10 meter amateur bands.
QEX (ISSN: 0886-8093) is published bimonthly
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Issue No 267
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In This Issue
Features
3
Programmable PLL (Si570) Local Oscillator for HF
Receivers, Transmitters and Transceivers
Craig Johnson, AAØZZ
17
A 10 MHz to 6 GHz Power Meter
By James Hontoria, W1JGH
22
Filter Synthesis Using Equal Ripple Optimization
By Gary Appel, WAØTFB
31
Transmission and Reception of Longitudinally-Polarized
Momentum Waves
By Robert K. Zimmerman, NP4B, VE3RKZ
36
Extended Bandwidth Crystal Ladder Filters With Almost
Symmetrical Responses
By David Gordon-Smith, G3UUR
45
Upcoming Conferences
In order to ensure prompt delivery, we ask that
you periodically check the address information on
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cies, please contact the Circulation Department
immediately. Thank you for your assistance.
46
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Index of Advertisers
American Radio Relay League: ............ 47, 48,
Cover III, Cover IV
Array Solutions: ........................................... 30
Coherent: ..................................................... 44
Down East Microwave Inc:........................... 46
Kenwood Communications: .................Cover II
National RF, Inc: .......................................... 35
Nemal Electronics International, Inc: ........... 44
RF Parts:................................................ 43, 45
Tucson Amateur Packet Radio: ................... 46
QEX – July/August 2011
1
The American Radio
Relay League
Larry Wolfgang, WR1B
Empirical Outlook
The American Radio Relay League,
Inc, is a noncommercial association
of radio amateurs, organized for the
promotion of interest in Amateur Radio
communication and experimentation,
for the establishment of networks to
provide communications in the event of
disasters or other emergencies, for the advancement
of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the
representation of the radio amateur in legislative
matters, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and
a high standard of conduct.
Web Update
In the last issue I wrote about older missing iles on our
QEX
iles website. Since then I have
spent some time recreating the tables with ile links, descriptions, author’s names and call signs.
As I write this, I have added the iles back through 2003 to our new website at
www.arrl.org/
qexiles
. I will continue restoring older iles, as time permits. It won’t happen immediately, but I will
recreate as much of that broken web as I can. Like the spider whose web I keep knocking down
at my back door, I’ve had some frustrations in building the new web. Just when things seemed to
be going smoothly, I discovered that the newest update to Mozilla Firefox (the only web browser
that the ARRL website’s content management system will work with) no longer works with that
system. Luckily, so far, only my computer at home updated to the new version. As long as I can
prevent my ofice computer from updating, I should still be able to keep working on it.
If you are looking for an older ile, please check the ARRL website to see if it has been
restored. If you try to download a ile and ind that it is not the ile you expected, or if you ind
other problems, please let me know. Since I haven’t found an automated way to do this, I will be
copying iles and text, and creating hyperlinks as those iles are put into the new web structure.
Our new web may continue to have some holes in it, or some oddly spaced threads, but hope-
fully it will fulill our needs.
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The League is noncommercial, and no one who
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“Of, by, and for the radio amateur,” ARRL
numbers within its ranks the vast majority of active
amateurs in the nation and has a proud history of
achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur
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A
bona ide
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Do You Have Some Technical Expertise to Share?
As I write this editorial, ARRL Field Day will be in a few weeks. By the time you receive this
issue of
QEX
, it will likely be over. Do you operate Field Day? It has become one of my favorite
operating events. Joining in with a local club adds variety and lavor to the experience, with a
wide range of operator expertise and lots of good food and good friends to share it with.
What technical problems do you typically run into? How do you solve them? Do you have a
piece of equipment that you use to make your Field Day more enjoyable and successful?
Perhaps there is a good article there, to share with your fellow
QEX
readers. We are always
looking for good technical articles for
QEX
, and would love to hear from you.
Preparing the Upcoming Conferences section of this issue reminded me that the coming
months will have plenty of opportunities to share your knowledge at one of the technical confer-
ences, and to learn from others who are attending. These are great opportunities to greet old
friends and meet new ones. There are major technical conferences all across the country this
year, from the Central States VHF Conference in Texas to the Eastern VHF/UHF Conference
(and Microwave Update) in Connecticut, from the ARRL/TAPR Digital Communications
Conference in Baltimore to the AMSAT Space Symposium in California. Of course there are
also dozens of local hamfests and conventions around the country, and many of those have
excellent technical presentations as well (or they could if you volunteered to present a program).
I’ll be making plans to attend the ARRL/TAPR DCC again this year (Sep 16-18), and I hope
to meet many readers (and perhaps recruit some new ones) in Baltimore at that time.
Membership inquiries and general corres-
pondence should be addressed to the
administrative headquarters:
ARRL
225 Main Street
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Telephone: 860-594-0200
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Chief Executive Oficer:
DAVID SUMNER, K1ZZ
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verify the availability of products before sending
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2
QEX – July/August 2011
Craig Johnson, AAØZZ
4745 Kent St, Shoreview, MN 55126; aa0zz@arrl.net
Programmable PLL (Si570) Local
Oscillator for HF Receivers,
Transmitters and Tranceivers
The Silicon Labs Si570 is a versatile programmable phase locked loop IC with many
possible Amateur Radio applications. This PLL synthesizer is one good example.
A new product has recently been devel-
oped by Silicon Labs, the Si570 DSPLL
®
programmable frequency synthesizer, and it
has great potential for use in many Amateur
Radio applications. Here we will explore
some possible uses. Phase locked loop tech-
nology has been in use for many years, but
the ability to use variable software-supplied
loop parameters in PLL technology to
directly generate square waves with fre-
quency resolutions of 1 Hz or better is now
possible. The Si570 immediately puts the
new technology into the sphere of uses that
has recently been dominated by direct digital
synthesis (DDS) products.
This AAØZZ Si570 daughtercard uses
the Silicon Labs Si570 (CMOS version)
and, when controlled by a microcontroller,
can generate RF signals in the continuous
range of 10 to 157 MHz. (Other versions of
the Si570 can go up to 1.4 GHz.) When the
daughtercard is incorporated into a control
board, the Si570 daughtercard can easily be
used as the local oscillator of an Amateur
Radio transceiver. Since many amateurs use
divide-by-four mechanisms in quadrature
sampling detectors (QSD) — also known as
“Tayloe” mixers — for their receivers and
also in quadrature sampling exciters (QSE)
for their transmitters, this Si570 daughter-
card can provide the local oscillator signal
for these receivers and transmitters on the 80
through 10 meter amateur bands.
1
Si570 Operation
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the
Si570. The Si570 offers some signiicant
advantages over the DDS parts that have
been used by amateurs in applications in
recent years. Two advantages are greatly
reduced power consumption and the rela-
tively clean output without DDS byproducts
(spurs). The Si570 uses a combination of
DSP processing and a PLL topology with
frequency selection parameters set by the
user via an I
2
C serial communications link to
generate the desired output frequency.
Silicon Labs offers several versions of
the Si570 with different output options and
frequency limits. I used a CMOS version of
the Si570 for this project. It has a 10.0 MHz
default frequency and a 160 MHz maximum
frequency. The internal crystal of the Si570
runs at a nominal 114.285 MHz. The crystal
in any individual part will not oscillate at
exactly this frequency, however. Since the
crystal frequency is used in the frequency
generation calculations for the Si570 input
1
Notes appear on page 16.
QEX – July/August 2011
3
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