Colors&Markings.pdf

FACIAL MARKINGS

LEG MARKINGS

POINTS OF THE HORSE

Faint Star

Star, Snip

Broken Strip

Coronet

Fetlock

Sock

Stocking

On your application for registration, draw in all white markings just

as they appear on your horse. It is a good idea to get your horse in front

of you to be sure you get the drawings accurate, instead of trying to do it

from memory.

Outlines of the face and rear legs are printed on the application

forms for your guidance in drawing the markings more precisely.

SORREL

Star, Strip, Snip

Strip

Blaze

Bald

Hoof

Nose

The white leg markings are described as follows:

Coronary Band

Muzzle

MAINTAINING THE PURITY OF THE TWH

In order to include the wide array of facial markings

of Tennessee Walking Horses, they will be identiﬁ ed as follows:

Pastern

Nostril

• CORONET – White marking extending no more than one inch above

the coronary band.

• FETLOCK – White marking above the coronary band to and including

the fetlock joint.

• SOCK – White marking extending above the top of the fetlock but

Fetlock

Chin

With your help we can keep improving the information that we have

about our TWHs.

By using blood typing, DNA, and micro-chipping the Association keeps

reﬁ ning the process of identiﬁ cation, correct parentage and reproductive

expectations. By carefully thinking about your TWH’s correct base coat

color and what dilutions or white coat patterns are working with that coat

color you can help future generations of breeders make informed decisions

when breeding their TWHs. The description of an individual horse on the

Certiﬁ cate of Registration should include the color, face and leg markings,

patterns, and dilutions or modiﬁ ers if there are any present. Any scars, swirls,

tattoos or other identifying marks should also be included. It is very important

that any information that is provided be as accurate as possible. Please

remember that the Registry can not guess the color of the horse being

registered. The Registry will return any registration application with

incomplete color information. This will cause a delay in processing.

One of the basic purposes of TWHBEA SM is to protect and maintain

the purity of the breed. For more information or to ask any questions go to

www.TWHBEA.com. Visit the Breeder’s web site for any new information

or to read more about TWH colors and breeding.

Cannon

Cheek

• STAR – Any white marking occurring on the horse’s face above the

Hock

Jugular Groove

eyeline.

• STRIP – Any white marking below the eye line and above the top of

Gaskin

Point of Shoulder

Stiﬂ e

Shoulder

the nostrils but within the nasal bones.

• BLAZE – Any white marking below the eye line, above the top of the

nostrils and extending outside both nasal bone lines.

• BALD – Any white marking extending laterally to encompass both

eyes, overlapping both nasal bones and covering the face down to the

nostrils.

• SNIP – Any white marking occurring between the top and

bottom of the nostrils.

• UPPER LIP – Any white marking below the nostrils but still on the

below the mid point of the cannon.

• STOCKING – White marking extending above the mid point of the

Thigh

Pectoral Region

Point of Buttock

Forearm

Croup

Elbow

cannon.

Point 0f Hip

Carpus (Knee)

Loin

Cannon

Partial Leg Markings

In cases where a marking extends to a designated part of the leg only

partially, owners in ﬁ lling out an application form should carefully draw

the markings in the same location and shape as they occur on the horse.

Back

Fetlock Joint

Withers

Pastern Joint

Neck

Coronary Band

Throatlatch

Hoof

Occipital Crest (Poll)

Upper Arm

Body Markings

Unusual body markings should be noted in a written description,

including color, size, shape and location, to be included with the

application form, but draw only white markings!

lower lip.

• LOWER LIP – Any white marking on the lower lip.

• CHIN – Any white marking below the lower lip.

Forelock

Ribs

Eye

Flank

Face

Chestnut

ARTWORK: JOHN HILL

COAT COLORS OF TWHS

COLOR GENETICS

COLORS MARKINGS

TWHBEA SM recognizes and records many coat colors and since most Tennessee

Walking Horses are registered as foals between the ages of three to six months, it is

sometimes difﬁ cult to determine the true color of the foal.

Coat Color Testing is highly recommended where visual appearance is not enough

to accurately predict the true color. The Color Genetics Chart gives the genetic color test

results for color genes that have tests currently available. The following explains the

most common coat color terms:

OF THE TENNESSEE WALKING HORSE

BAY / BROWN

EE AA

EE Aa

Ee AA

Ee Aa

CHESTNUT

ee AA

ee Aa

ee aa

BLACK

EE aa

Ee aa

TERMS EXPLAINED:

Genes always appear as pairs with the upper case letter being dominant and the

lower case letter being recessive. A horse receives one gene from each pair of genes

from each parent and that determines the base color, color dilution, color pattern or

modiﬁ cation of color for the resulting foal.

•

BUCKSKIN

EE AA Cr

EE Aa Cr

Ee AA Cr

Ee Aa Cr

PALOMINO

ee AA Cr

ee Aa Cr

ee aa Cr

SMOKY BLACK

EE aa Cr

Ee aa Cr

Dominant genes - Always physically expressed on the horse and requires that at

least one parent express that gene in order to pass it on.

PERLINO

EE AA CrCr

EE Aa CrCr

Ee AA CrCr

Ee Aa CrCr

•

Recessive genes - are hidden until both parents contribute a copy of the gene for

CREMELLO

ee AA CrCr

ee Aa CrCr

ee aa CrCr

SMOKY CREAM

EE aa CrCr

Ee aa CrCr

it to be expressed, otherwise it remains hidden.

•

Homozygous - means that a foal received one copy of the same gene (A, E, a, e)

from each parent. Gene will be passed to 100% of offspring.

•

Heterozygous - means that a foal received one dominant gene (A, E) from one

parent and one recessive (a, e) gene from the other parent.

AMBER

CHAMPAGNE

EE AA

EE Aa

Ee AA

Ee Aa

GOLD

CHAMPAGNE

ee AA

ee Aa

ee aa

RED FACTOR (CHESTNUT):

CLASSIC

CHAMPAGNE

EE aa

Ee aa

Homozygous for the red factor. Only the red factor detected.

Heterozygous for the black factor. Both black and red factors detected.

Homozygous for black pigment , No red factor detected. It cannot have red

foals regardless of the color of mate.

ALLAN F-1

AGOUTI (BLACK/BAY):

AMBER CREAM

CHAMPAGNE

EE AA Cr

EE Aa Cr

Ee AA Cr

Ee Aa Cr

©KIM ABNEY

GOLD CREAM

CHAMPAGNE

ee AA Cr

ee Aa Cr

ee aa Cr

Homozygous for Agouti gene. The horse has two doses of the dominant “A”.

CLASSIC CREAM

CHAMPAGNE

EE aa Cr

Ee aa Cr

The black pigment is restricted to points pattern and is expressed on horses that

For the most up-to-date information,

please visit our website: www.twhbea.com

are bay or a dilution of bay (buckskin, perlino, amber champagne, etc.).

Heterozygous for Agouti gene. The horse has one dose of the dominant “A”

and one dose of the recessive non-agouti “a”. The black pigment is restricted

to points pattern and is expressed on horses that are bay or a dilution of bay

(buckskin, perlino, amber champagne, etc.).

BAY / BROWN

SILVER

EE AA

EE Aa

Ee AA

Ee Aa

Only recessive “a” detected. Black pigment distributed uniformly over

the entire body resulting in horses that are black or a dilution of black

BLACK SILVER

EE aa

Ee aa

(smoky black, smoky cream, classic champagne, etc.).

P.O. Box 286 • Lewisburg, TN 37091-0286

(931) 359-1574 • www.twhbea.com

CREAM DILUTION:

Cr Heterozygous (Single dilute) for the Cream gene.

CrCr Homozygous (Double dilute) with two copies of Cream gene.

TWHBEA makes no warranty or representation, express or implied, that the breeding of any one

color of horse to another color of horse will result in an offspring of a desired color. This brochure is

merely a compilation of ever-evolving research postulates.

COLORS

PATTERNS

BLACK

BAY

CHESTNUT

BLACK ROAN SABINO

CHESTNUT

SABINO

The Sabino pattern usually has white that extends up the legs in ragged

patches, and then extends onto the horse’s body from the belly. The head

is usually excessively white with white extending under the chin and

under the jaws and the eyes are commonly blue although many sabino

horses have partially blue, partially brown eyes. Flecks, patches and roan

areas are common on sabinos. Some sabinos will also have odd white

patches on the knee or hock, removed from the main portion of the lower

white leg markings. In the middle range of expression, sabino horses are

fairly distinctive and are usually difﬁ cult to confuse with other patterns.

The whitest of the sabinos are nearly or entirely white. Some retain color

only on the ears and others are white all over with spots on the skin under

the white hair.

BLACK

The Black horse’s entire body color is black. The black foal may be an

overall mousy grey at birth, but will be black when it sheds its foal coat.

BAY

Bay horses have a body color coat that ranges from light-to-dark

reddish-brown hues, and are distinguished by their black mane

and tail, legs and ears rims.

CHESTNUT / SORREL

Chestnuts vary in shade from a light golden red to a dark reddish brown.

Quite often, the mane and tail will be the same color as the body coat

but they can also have a ﬂ axen mane and tail. Sorrels are called “light

chestnuts” in some of the other breeds, but genetically chestnuts and

sorrels are the same.

CHESTNUT / SORREL

SMOKY BLACK

The Smoky Black is a black horse with one cream dilution gene. The

body color can vary from dark brown to almost black with brown hair in

the ears and the eyes range from hazel to dark brown. At least one parent

must have a cream gene.

BROWN

The Brown horse’s body color is black except for lighter brown

areas around the muzzle, eyes, ﬂ anks, and insides of the legs.

PALOMINO

The Palomino horse is a chestnut with one cream gene that dilutes the

body to a golden color with white mane and tail. Ideal color is that of

a newly minted gold coin but can vary from pale gold to a deep gold

coat with off-white mane and tail. Palomino horses always have dark

skin. At least one parent must have a cream gene.

BUCKSKIN

The Buckskin is a bay horse with one cream dilution gene which

dilutes only body color to any shade from creamy tan to sooty brown

with black mane, tail, legs and black ear rims. At least one parent must

have a cream gene.

SMOKY CREAM

The Smoky Cream is a black horse with two cream dilution genes.

It always has blue eyes, pink skin and is a rich creamy off white. Both

parents must have a cream gene.

TOBIANO

A Tobiano can be any solid-colored horse with legs that are usually white

and white spots that are arranged vertically with body spotting that is

regular, round or oval, and extends down the neck and chest with a shield

appearance. They usually have dark areas on one or both ﬂ anks and the

tail may have two colors. The white usually crosses the top-line somewhere

between the ears and tail. The head has no more white than expected on

a non-spotted horse. The eyes of tobianos are usually dark. Tobiano

horses can vary from quite dark, with small amounts of white, to quite

white, with only the head remaining dark. The darker individuals

sometimes have so little white spotting as to be confused with

non-spotted horses.

CREMELLO

The Cremello is a chestnut horse with two cream dilution genes. It is

born a creamy off white color with pink skin, blue eyes, white mane and

tail and legs. Both parents must have a cream gene.

CLASSIC CHAMPAGNE

The Classic Champagne is a black horse diluted by a champagne gene.

The body color varies in shade from a dove color to a dark chocolate

and the points are a darker shade of the same color. The foal coat color

is almost black at birth and the skin is pink and as the horse ages freckles

develop on the pink skin. The eye color is always blue at birth and

changes to brown or hazel color. At least one parent must be champagne.

PERLINO

The Perlino is a bay horse with two cream dilution genes. It is born a

creamy off white color with pink skin, blue eyes, yellowish mane and tail

and legs. Both parents must have a cream gene.

OVERO

Overo coat patterns occur on any color background and the white areas

on overos are usually crisply and cleanly delineated from the colored

areas, although some have a halo or shadow of pigmented skin under

white hair directly at the boundary. White spotting of the overo horse

usually comes up from the belly in a horizontal arrangement and does

not cross the topline. The overo horse may have solid-colored legs with

normal white markings and the tail is one color. It may be bald-faced,

covering both eyes, or apron-faced with white markings extending beyond

the ears and under the chin. The eyes of an overo with extensively white

facial markings are frequently blue.

GOLD CHAMPAGNE

The Gold Champagne is a chestnut horse diluted by a champagne gene.

The body color can vary from pale to dark golden color with the mane

and tail a ﬂ axen, near-white or golden color. The foal coat color is darker

than the adult, resembling a sorrel or chestnut horse at birth and the skin

is always pink and develops freckles on the exposed pink skin. The eye

color is always blue at birth and changes to brown or hazel color. At least

one parent must be champagne.

AMBER CHAMPAGNE

The Amber Champagne is a bay horse diluted by a champagne gene.

The body color can vary from a golden tan body color with chocolate

brown points, though the legs are often lighter than the mane & tail. The

foal coat color resembles a bay horse at birth and the skin is always pink

and develops freckles on the exposed pink skin. The eyes are always blue

at birth and change to brown or hazel color. At least one parent must be

champagne.

CLASSIC CREAM CHAMPAGNE

The Classic Cream Champagne is a black horse diluted by a champagne

gene and a cream gene. It always has pink skin and is usually born a

creamy off white and darkens to a rich or dark creamy color. The eye

color is always blue at birth and usually ends up a greenish hazel color.

At least one parent must be champagne and one parent a cream dilute

or cream champagne.

AMBER CREAM CHAMPAGNE

The Amber Cream Champagne is a bay horse diluted to a creamy tan

body color with light to medium brown points with the legs often lighter

than the mane & tail. The skin is pink and as the horse ages it develops

freckles on the exposed pink skin. The eye color is always blue at birth

and usually ends up a greenish hazel color. At least one parent must be

champagne and one parent a cream dilute or cream champagne.

GOLD CREAM CHAMPAGNE

The Gold Cream Champagne is a chestnut horse diluted by a

champagne gene and a cream gene. It always has pink skin and a

creamy off white color and as the horse ages it develops freckles on the

exposed pink skin. The eye color is always blue at birth and usually ends

up a greenish hazel color. At least one parent must be champagne and

one parent a cream dilute or cream champagne.

TOBIANO / SABINO

The combination of the Tobiano and Sabino patterns is a common

occurrence in the Tennessee Walking Horse. The Tobiano/Sabino

shows characteristics of both the tobiano and sabino patterns. The

main identifying characteristic is the appearance of excessive white on

the face, under the chin and under the jaw. Blue eyes or blue spots in the

eyes indicate the presence of the Sabino gene. The spotting pattern is a

combination of the two patterns with the white crossing over the top line.

DILUTIONS

DUN

The Dun gene is a dilution gene that can lighten any body coat color in

varying degrees. The dun must prominently display a dark dorsal stripe

and zebra stripes on the shoulders and horizontal stripes on the legs. At

least one parent must be a dun.

MODIFIERS

GREY

Grey is a color modiﬁ er and no horse is born grey. Grey begins to modify

the birth coat color sometimes months or even years later. They will

begin showing signs of grey around the eyes, ﬂ ank and below the elbow.

Grey patches occasionally will develop on the body, croup, or thigh before

they are visible around the eyes. Grey is progressive and aging causes

the coat colors of grey horses to progressively lighten to almost white.

Dappling is common and often, older grey horses show speckles of their

original coat color hair and are called “ﬂ ea-bitten.” A grey horse must

have at least one grey parent. Ideally to preserve the true color of the

horse “Grey” should be added to the birth color black/grey, chestnut/

grey, palomino/grey etc.

SILVER

The Silver gene is a dilution gene that affects only black pigment of the

mane and tail and dilutes black body color only slightly. The mane and

tail are lightened to a silvery or blonde shade, and the eyes can range from

hazel to dark brown. The Silver gene is only expressed on black and must

have a parent with the silver gene. Bay Silver horses appear to be chestnuts

with ﬂ axen or silver manes but genetically are bay horses. The combination

of base coat color and the term “silver” is required to describe a horse with

a silver gene such as black silver, bay silver, classic champagne silver, etc.

ROAN

Roan is not a color. It modiﬁ es any coat color with a mixture of white

hairs, intermingled from birth with the darker hairs of the coat color

leaving the base color on face, mane, tail and lower legs. Use the

combination of base coat color, such as “black,” and the term “roan”

to describe a “black roan.” The true Roan pattern isn’t always apparent

until it sheds its foal coat to the color that it will be throughout the horse’s

life. At least one parent must be a roan.

WHITE

White horses are extremely rare and are born pure white and have

dark eyes and pink skin with no freckles or spots on skin or hair. In

the Tennessee Walking Horse, Maximum Sabinos are frequently

misidentiﬁ ed as white. A Sabino test is available.

FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW.TWHBEA.COM

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