UNITOR The Welding Handbook EN.pdf

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The Welding Handbook
for maritime welders
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Maritime
Welding Handbook
Welding and
Related Processes
for Repair and Maintenance
Onboard
10th edition
Notice: All welding is carried out on the welder’s own risk and account. Welding should be executed by a qualified and experienced
welder and adequate safety measures should always be adhered to. The information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook are based
on general information and knowledge at hand and are believed to be accurate and reliable, but the information and guidelines are
not to be taken as a guarantee or warranty for a special purpose. The information and guidelines are provided to the welder solely for
his own consideration, and Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS assumes no legal responsibility or liability for eventual damages and/or
losses should the information and/or guidelines turn out to be incorrect or un-suitable. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS is not liable
for any loss or damages whatsoever and howsoever arising which is due to force majeure, other events beyond the reasonable control
of Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS or events that could not reasonably be foreseen by Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS when this
Welding Handbook was made. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS is in no event liable for indirect, incidental or consequential damages
or losses, including damages for loss of profits, resulting from lack of conformity, including but not limited to loss resulting from goods
or software not working when connected to other goods/software or for any related cause thereto. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS’s
liability shall in any event not exceed the total purchase price of the Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS goods used during the welding
operations. Theses conditions are automatically accepted by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.
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INTRODUCTION
A ship at sea depends upon the knowledge, skills and self-reliance of the crew to carry
out necessary maintenance and repair work. One of the important skills required is a
good command of modern welding techniques.
The purpose of the Unitor Welding Handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidance
in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of
practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems.
Unitor’s business activity traces back to 1905 and the company NAG with Acetylene production as a basic activity.
The first maritime deliveries from this period were supply of Acetylene as fuel gas for the guiding light beams from
numerous lighthouses along the long and weather-beaten coast of Norway.
The focus changed towards gas and arc welding techniques when these were developed to useful production and
repair methods through the 1930es.
A main objective became to develop and maintain a range of welding equipment that is suitable for onboard welding,
backed by a worldwide service network, training and documentation.
In 1943 the company name was changed to UNITOR. Mergers and increasing activity in the department for sales to
ships led to the establishment of this department as a separate company; Unitor Ships Service AS in 1968.
In 2005 the company was bought by Wilh.Wilhelmsen ASA and the brand Unitor is now incorporated in Barwil Unitor
Ships Service, a part of Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS, a company in the Wilh. Wilhelmsen Group
Experience gained from user contact and welding training of crewmembers showed
that documentation aimed specifically at on board welding solutions was needed. This
led to the development of the first Unitor welding handbook for on board repair and
maintenance welding already the 1950es.
This edition of the Unitor Welding Handbook builds upon all the earlier editions and on
product development and experience gained since the previous edition.
Barwil Unitor Ships Service enjoys close co-operation with its customers and would like
to thank the many who have taken the effort to contribute with examples of successful
solutions to real life maintenance situations.
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UNITOR WELDING HANDBOOK
1 SAFETY IN WELDING
1.00
9
2 SOLUTIONS
2 .01 Introduction & quick guides to processes
2.01
35
2.02
2.02 Filler material consumption
47
2.03
2.03 Metal identification
50
2.04
2.04 Unalloyed / low alloyed steel
55
2.05
2.05 Problem steels
62
2.06
2.06 Stainless steels
65
2.07
2.07 Cast iron
78
2.08
2.08 Copper and copper alloys
104
2.09
2.09 Aluminium
112
2.10
2.10 Evaluation of welds
114
3 CONSUMABLES
3.01
3.01 Coated Electrodes
125
3.02
3.02 Tig Welding Rods & Fluxes
199
3.03
3.03 Wires for Wire Welding
217
3.04
3.04 Gas Welding Rods & Fluxes
241
3.05
3.05 Brazing Rods & Fluces
251
3.06
3.06 Cold Repair Compounds
277
4 ARC WELDING AND
CUTTING PROCESS
& EQUIPMENT
4.01
4.01 Electrode welding & gouging
333
4.02
4.02 Tig Welding
381
4.03
4.03 Wire Welding
403
4.04
4.04 Plasma Cutting
441
4.05
5 GAS WELDING AND
CUTTING PROCESS &
EQUIPMENT
4.05 Current Distribution System
455
5.01
5.01 AC/OX cutting, welding, brazing
459
5.02
5.02 Gas Supplies and gas distribution system
511
6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
6.00
529
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