Tibet - A Political History by Tsepon WD Shakabpa (1984).pdf - Tybet - morefaya2006

Ruling lamas affixed their seals to official documents to make them valid. The seals had been given to

them in turn by the Mongol Khans and the Manchu Emperors. The engraving on this seal of 1909 is

in three scripts: (a) the three columns on the left and on the right are in 'Phags-pa script which was

devised in the 13th century by 'Phags-pa Lama for Qubilai Khan; (b) the next column on the left

consists of the same inscription in Lantsa, an ornate Indo-Aryan script used for decorative purposes;

and (c) the lines of small characters are proper Tibetan script.

Freely translated, the inscription says:

"Seal of the King of the powerful wish-granting (jewel), who is worshipped by all the gods and

men, the Ocean-Lama Vajradhara, the unchangeable all-knowing one who exercises power over all

the victorious teaching (of the Buddha), who is the protector of all above earth and of all times,

lord of the three worlds and the teachings of the Buddha (which came from) the Glorious Land

(i.e. India)."

TIBET

A POLITICAL HISTORY

BY TSEPON W. D. SHAKABPA

POTAIA PUBUCATIONS • NEW YORK • 1984

Also by Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

Bod-kyi Srid-don Rgyal-rabs.

Tibetan History (Vols. I & II in Tibetan)

Shakabpa ~ouse, Kalimpong, India, 1976

Buddha's Relics in Tibet

Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, India, 1951

Lha-Idan Raw-sa 'Phrul-snang Gtsuq-lag Khang-gyi Dkar-chak"

A Guide to Jokhang, the Central Cathedral in lhasa

Shakabpa House, 1982

ISBN 0-9611474-0-7

JJbrary of Congress Catalogue Card Number 67-13448

This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form

without written permission of the publishers.

First Printing Yale University Press, 1967

Second Printing Yale University Press, · 1973

Reissued

Potala Publications, 1984

Contents

Foreword

Preface

List of Abbreviations

xiii

An Introduction to Tibet

The Empire of the Early Kings of Tibet

The Struggle for Religious Survival

4·

Lamas and Patrons

5·

The Phamo Drupa, Rinpung, and Tsangpa Hegemonies

The Emergence of the Dalai Lamas

7·

The Fifth Dalai Lama Assumes Power

IOO

Rival Powers in Tibet

9·

The Seventh Dalai Lama and the Beginning of Manchu Influence

in Tibet

I o.

War with the Gurkhas and the Dogras

I 53

Desi Shatra and Palden Dondup: Strong Men of the

Nineteenth Century

I I.

u. The Thirteenth Dalai Lama and Britain's Border Policy

I92

The Younghusband Military Expedition and Its Aftermath

I3·

205

The I9IO Chinese Invasion of Lhasa and Tibet's Struggle to

Maintain Her Independence

I4.

I 5.

Further Evidence of Tibetan Independence

I 6.

Clashes Between Tibetans and Chinese in Kham

260

I7·

The Whirlwind of Political Strife

I 8.

The Communist Chinese Invasion

I 9·

The Revolt

Conclusion

vii

Tibet - A Political History by Tsepon WD Shakabpa (1984).pdf

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